Basics of Electrical Engineering

Electric charge, current, voltage, energy, power, independent and dependent sources, Ohm's law, series and parallel resistors, voltage and current division, ideal and real circuit elements, source transformations, Kirchhoff's current law, Kirchhoff's voltage law, basic circuit modeling, practical resistor behavior, power calculations in resistive circuits.

Nodal analysis, mesh analysis, linearity and superposition theorem, Thevenin's theorem, Norton's theorem, maximum power transfer theorem, circuit simplification strategies, controlled sources in analysis, transient analysis of first-order circuits, natural and step response of RL circuits, natural and step response of RC circuits.

Sinusoidal signals and phasors, impedance and admittance in frequency domain, node and mesh analysis in phasor domain, power in AC circuits, average and reactive power, complex power, power factor and correction, resonance in series and parallel RLC circuits, balanced three-phase circuits, phase sequence, line and phase quantities, power in three-phase loads.

Magnetic circuits, Faraday's and Lenz's laws, inductance and mutual inductance, ideal transformer model, introduction to real transformer behavior, energy conversion principles, operating principles of DC machines, types and characteristics of DC motors and generators, basic concepts of three-phase induction motors, concept of torque and slip, circuit protection devices, electrical safety and grounding, power systems overview for digital infrastructure, energy auditing and efficiency principles.