Programming in C++

Differences in program structure between C and C++, header files and compilation model, scope resolution operator ::, namespaces and using, input/output using cin, cout, and manipulators, auto and type inference, reference variables, default function arguments, function overloading and name mangling, const, constexpr, inline, strongly typed enums (enum class), compile-time expressions and usage of decltype.

Dynamic memory management (new, delete, nullptr, RAII), smart pointers (unique_ptr, shared_ptr, weak_ptr), const correctness with pointers, function pointers and lambdas (syntax and closures), default constructors, copy constructors and assignment operators, function templates, compile-time polymorphism using templates, basics of SFINAE and type traits.

Standard containers: vector, array, list, map, set, unordered_map, iterators and range-based for loops, algorithms from <algorithm> (sort, find, count, accumulate, for_each), lambdas with STL, std::pair, std::tuple, structured bindings, introduction to std::optional, std::variant, and std::any.

Structures with methods, difference between struct and class, member functions, encapsulation, access specifiers, this pointer, static class members, constructors and destructors, initialization lists, RAII principles, function templates and class templates, template specialization, separating interface and implementation in modular design.